Diabetes affects 6% of the population. The chances of developing diabetes increases as a person grows older, so that for over seventy years, have about 15% of people.
Anyone, regardless of location or age, may have diabetes. Obesity or a family history of diabetes may increase the risk.
There are two main factors involved in the development of diabetes: genetic and environmental factors.
Type 1 diabetes is caused by inability to produce insulin by beta cells self-destruct. Why these cells are destroyed? The body of a healthy person has defense mechanisms that make when a foreign agent, virus, bacteria, etc.., Enters the body, identify it as foreign and destroy it. When all these defense systems is called the immune system. There are people being in contact with a virus or other substances, they attack the beta cells are not destroyed, but altered a bit, so they are not recognized by the immune system itself, which recognizes them as foreign and attacked with a substance called ICA (antibodies against islet cells). It is unknown why the same virus can, in some people, to attack the beta cells and make them unknown to the defense system and does not affect other cells. It is said that some people have a genetic predisposition and, therefore, in contact with the virus, altered beta cells that are attacked by its defense system and trigger the diabetes. The risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus in the general population is <1%. This risk increases if you have family members affected (see table)
Even today there is no known effective strategy to prevent this type of diabetes, although several research studies to try to develop solutions.
Familial risk of developing type 1 diabetes depending on the degree of relationship.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease is growing fastest in the world. This relates in part to the growth and aging: The frequency of diabetes is much higher above age 45. But there are other genetic and environmental factors also play a role:
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Genetic factors. Is called a strong genetic component in type 2 diabetics. The genetic basis of the most common form remains unknown. It is possible that multiple genes involved. In the following table we can see the approximate risk of developing type 2 diabetes in first degree
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Environmental factors. These environmental factors are modifiable risk factors and therefore play a leading role in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. Today we know that type 2 diabetes can be prevented if we act on these modifiable risk factors
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Obesity. The risk of developing diabetes increases continuously with obesity, and is about 5-10 times higher in obese than in nonobese.
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Dietary factors. People with high intake of total fat and saturated fat has increased the risk of diabetes. The reduction of these fats in the diet reduces the risk of diabetes.
Physical Activity
Several studies have shown that physical activity plays a protective role against the occurrence of diabetes in both adults and the elderly, but in obese than in nonobese. It has been estimated that people who exercise have a 30-60% lower risk of developing diabetes than those who do not. The risk decreases with increasing frequency and intensity of physical activity.
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Snuff, there are epidemiological studies that associate snuff with the development of diabetes: The snuff is involved among several factors that can increase insulin resistance and may interfere with the action of insulin.
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Gestational Diabetes (DG) increases the risk of developing diabetes among women in the short, medium and long term.
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Glucose Intolerance (GI) occupies an area of interest, because not only will represent the first step in onset of diabetes and therefore timely preventive intervention but also is increasingly proven its relationship with cardiovascular disease which we know is the underlying cause of death in these patients. It has been demonstrated in the lifestyle intervention (diet and / or physical activity) in people with GAD reduces the incidence of DM2.
Anyone, regardless of location or age, may have diabetes. Obesity or a family history of diabetes may increase the risk.
There are two main factors involved in the development of diabetes: genetic and environmental factors.
Type 1 diabetes is caused by inability to produce insulin by beta cells self-destruct. Why these cells are destroyed? The body of a healthy person has defense mechanisms that make when a foreign agent, virus, bacteria, etc.., Enters the body, identify it as foreign and destroy it. When all these defense systems is called the immune system. There are people being in contact with a virus or other substances, they attack the beta cells are not destroyed, but altered a bit, so they are not recognized by the immune system itself, which recognizes them as foreign and attacked with a substance called ICA (antibodies against islet cells). It is unknown why the same virus can, in some people, to attack the beta cells and make them unknown to the defense system and does not affect other cells. It is said that some people have a genetic predisposition and, therefore, in contact with the virus, altered beta cells that are attacked by its defense system and trigger the diabetes. The risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus in the general population is <1%. This risk increases if you have family members affected (see table)
Even today there is no known effective strategy to prevent this type of diabetes, although several research studies to try to develop solutions.
Familial risk of developing type 1 diabetes depending on the degree of relationship.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease is growing fastest in the world. This relates in part to the growth and aging: The frequency of diabetes is much higher above age 45. But there are other genetic and environmental factors also play a role:
*
Genetic factors. Is called a strong genetic component in type 2 diabetics. The genetic basis of the most common form remains unknown. It is possible that multiple genes involved. In the following table we can see the approximate risk of developing type 2 diabetes in first degree
*
Environmental factors. These environmental factors are modifiable risk factors and therefore play a leading role in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. Today we know that type 2 diabetes can be prevented if we act on these modifiable risk factors
*
Obesity. The risk of developing diabetes increases continuously with obesity, and is about 5-10 times higher in obese than in nonobese.
*
Dietary factors. People with high intake of total fat and saturated fat has increased the risk of diabetes. The reduction of these fats in the diet reduces the risk of diabetes.
Physical Activity
Several studies have shown that physical activity plays a protective role against the occurrence of diabetes in both adults and the elderly, but in obese than in nonobese. It has been estimated that people who exercise have a 30-60% lower risk of developing diabetes than those who do not. The risk decreases with increasing frequency and intensity of physical activity.
*
Snuff, there are epidemiological studies that associate snuff with the development of diabetes: The snuff is involved among several factors that can increase insulin resistance and may interfere with the action of insulin.
*
Gestational Diabetes (DG) increases the risk of developing diabetes among women in the short, medium and long term.
*
Glucose Intolerance (GI) occupies an area of interest, because not only will represent the first step in onset of diabetes and therefore timely preventive intervention but also is increasingly proven its relationship with cardiovascular disease which we know is the underlying cause of death in these patients. It has been demonstrated in the lifestyle intervention (diet and / or physical activity) in people with GAD reduces the incidence of DM2.
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